• Finnish: myrsky
• Japanese: 嵐
• Latvian: vētra
• Russian: буря qualifier windstorm, гроза qualifier thunderstorm, шторм qualifier at sea
• West Frisian: stoarm

• Finnish: tulimyrsky, keskitys
• Japanese: 猛攻撃, 強襲
• Russian: штурм, приступ

• ttbc Amharic: ማዕበል (ma'əbäl)
• ttbc Arabic:
• ttbc Catalan: tempesta , temporal
• ttbc Cherokee: ᎤᏄᎳ (unula)
• ttbc Chinese: 暴風雨, 暴风雨 (bàofēngyǔ); 風暴, 风暴 (fēngbào, windstorm)
• ttbc Crimean Tatar: boran
• ttbc Croatian: oluja ; bura
• ttbc Danish: storm
• ttbc Dutch: storm
• ttbc Esperanto: ŝtormo, ventego (windstorm), fulmotondro (with lightning)
• ttbc French: orage , tempête
• ttbc Georgian: ქარიშხარი (karišxari), გრიგალი (grigali)
• ttbc German: Sturm
• ttbc Greek: θύελλα (thíella) , καταιγίδα (kateghídha)
• ttbc Guarani: aravai, yvytuatã
• ttbc Hawaiian: ino
• ttbc Hebrew: סערה (sè`àra)
• ttbc Indonesian: angin topan, badai, angin ribut (windstorm)
• ttbc Interlingua: tempesta
• ttbc Italian: tempesta , temporale , burrasca , bufera , tormenta
• ttbc Korean: 폭풍우 (pokpung-u)
• ttbc Kurdish: g Kurdish
• ttbc Latin: tempestas , procella
• ttbc Lithuanian: audra , vėtra
• ttbc Manx: sterrym , dorrin , rag (short)
• ttbc Malay: angin ribut (wind), hujan lebat (rain)
• ttbc Maori: aawhaa, heihei, kaipapa, marangai, paroro, pookaakaa, rutu, tuupuhi
• ttbc Norwegian: storm
• ttbc Polish: burza , sztorm (at sea)
• ttbc Portuguese: tempestade , borrasca (wind), vendaval (wind), lit. procela (at sea)
• ttbc Romanian: furtună , vijelie
• ttbc Scottish Gaelic: doineann
• ttbc Slovene: nevihta , vihar
• ttbc Spanish: tormenta , tempestad , borrasca (wind), vendaval (wind)
• ttbc Swahili: tufani (nc 9/10), dhoruba (nc 9/10)
• ttbc Swedish: storm
• ttbc Tagalog: bagyó
• ttbc Tamil: புயல் (puyal), கடு௩்கோபம் (katunggōpam)
• Tupinambá: ybytuaíba, ybytugûasu
• ttbc Turkish: fırtına, bora
• ttbc Twi: ahum
• Volapük: tep, mistom (thunderstorm)
• ttbc Welsh: storm, ystorm, tymestl g Welsh
• ttbc Yiddish: שטורעם (shturem)

See also

• dust storm
• leaf storm
• sand storm
• snowstorm
• storm in a tea-kettle
• wind storm
• Beaufort_scale

Verb

1. To move quickly and noisily like a storm, usually in a state of uproar or anger.

   She stormed out of the room.

2. To assault (a stronghold or fortification) with military forces.

   Troops stormed the complex.

Dutch

Pronunciation

• /stɔrm/|lang=nl

Noun

storm

1. storm; a wind scale for very strong wind, stronger than a gale, less than a hurricane.

Derived terms

• stormachtig
• stormvloed
• stormwind

Norwegian

Noun

1. storm

Old English

Etymology

Common Germanic *sturmaz, whence also Old High German sturm, Old Norse stormr

Noun

storm m

1. storm

Swedish

Pronunciation

Noun

storm

1. storm; heavy winds or weather associated with storm winds.

Inflection

See also

• ta någon med storm
• storma
• storma in
• snöstorm
• höststorm

A storm is any disturbed state of an astronomical body's atmosphere, especially affecting its surface, and strongly implying severe weather. It may be marked by strong wind, thunder and lightning (a thunderstorm), heavy precipitation, such as ice (ice storm), or wind transporting some substance through the atmosphere (as in a dust storm, snowstorm, hailstorm, etc).

Formation

Storms are created when a center of low pressure develops, with a system of high pressure surrounding it. This combination of opposing forces can create winds and result in the formation of storm clouds, such as the cumulonimbus. Small, localized areas of low pressure can form from hot air rising off hot ground, resulting in smaller disturbances such as dust devils and whirlwinds.

Types

There are many varieties and names for storms.

• Snowstorm - A heavy fall of snow accumulating at a rate of more than 5 centimeters (2 in) per hour that lasts several hours. Snow storms, especially ones with a high liquid equivalent and breezy conditions, can down tree limbs, cut off power, and paralyze travel over a large region. *Ocean Storm - Storm conditions out at sea are defined as having sustained winds of 48 knots (55 mph or 90 km/h) or greater. Usually just referred to as a storm, these systems can sink vessels of all types and sizes.
• Firestorm - Firestorms are conflagrations which attain such intensity that they create and sustain their own wind systems. It is most commonly a natural phenomenon, created during some of the largest bushfires, forest fires, and wildfires. The Peshtigo Fire is one example of a firestorm. Firestorms can also be deliberate effects of targeted explosives such as occurred as a result of the aerial bombings of Dresden and Tokyo during World War II. Nuclear detonations almost invariably generate firestorms
• Dust devil - a small, localized updraft of rising air.
• Windstorm - a severe weather condition indicated by high winds and with little or no rain, like European windstorm.
• Squall - sudden onset of wind increase of at least 16 knots (30 km/h) or greater sustained for at least one minute.
• Gale - An extratropical storm with sustained winds between 34-48 knots (39-55 mph or 63-90 km/h).

• Hailstorm - a type of storm that precipitates chunks of ice. Hailstorms usually occur during regular thunder storms. While most of the hail that precipitates from the clouds is fairly small and virtually harmless, there have been cases of hail greater than 2 inches diameter that caused much damage and injuries.

• Tornado - A tornado is a violent, destructive wind storm occurring on land. Usually its appearance is that of a dark, funnel-shaped cyclone. Often tornadoes are preceded by a thunderstorm and a wall cloud. They are often called the most destructive of storms, and while they form all over the world, the interior of the United States the most prone area, especially throughout Tornado Alley.

Classification

A strict meteorological definition of a terrestrial storm is a wind measuring 10 or higher on the Beaufort scale, meaning a wind speed of 24.5 m/s (89 km/h, 55 mph) or more; however, popular usage is not so restrictive. Storms can last anywhere from 12 to 200 hours, depending on season and geography. The east and northeast storms are noted for the most frequent repeatability and duration, especially during the cold period. Big terrestrial storms alter the oceanographic conditions that in turn may affect food abundance and distribution: strong currents, strong tides, increased siltation, change in water temperatures, overturn in the water column, etc.

Extraterrestrial storms

Storms are not unique to Earth; other heavenly bodies with a sufficient atmosphere (gas giants in particular) also undergo stormy weather. A famous example is the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. Though technically a hurricane, it is larger than the earth and has been raging for at least 340 years, when it was observed by astronomer Galileo Galilei. Neptune also had its own lesser known Great Dark Spot.

In September 1994 Hubble telescope using Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 imaged the storms on Saturn, generated by upwelling of warmer air, similar to a terrestrial thunderhead. The east-west extent of the same-year storm was equal to the diameter of Earth. The storm was observed earlier in September 1990 and acquired the name Dragon Storm.

Notable storms in art and culture

According to the Bible, a giant storm sent by God flooded the Earth. Noah and his family and the animals entered the Ark, and "the same day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened, and the rain was upon the earth forty days and forty nights." The flood covered even the highest mountains to a depth of more than twenty feet, and all creatures died; only Noah and those with him on the Ark were left alive.

In Greek mythology there were several gods of storms: Briareos, the god of sea storms; Aigaios, a god of the violent sea storms; and Aiolos, keeper of storm-winds, squalls and tempests.

William Shakespeare's play The Tempest (1611) was based on the following incident. Sir Thomas Gates, future governor of Virginia, was on his way to England from Jamestown, Virginia. On Saint James Day while between Cuba and the Bahamas a hurricane raged for nearly two days. Though one of the small vessels in the fleet sank to the bottom of the Florida Straits, seven of the remaining vessels reached Virginia within several days after the storm. The flagship of the fleet, known as Sea Adventure, disappeared and was presumed lost. A small bit of fortune befell the ship and her crew when they made landfall on Bermuda. The vessel was damaged on a surrounding coral reef, but all aboard survived for nearly a year on the island. The British colonists claimed the island and quickly settled Bermuda. In May 1610, they set forth for Jamestown, this time arriving at their destination.

The Romantic seascape painters J. M. W. Turner and Ivan Aivazovsky created some of the most lasting impressions of the sublime and stormy seas that are firmly imprinted on the popular mind. Turner's representations of powerful natural forces reinvented the traditional seascape during the first half of the nineteenth century. Upon his travels to Holland, he took note of the familiar large rolling waves of the English seashore transforming into the sharper, choppy waves of a Dutch storm. A characteristic example of Turner’s dramatic seascape is The Slave Ship of 1840. Aivazovsky left several thousand turbulent canvases in which he increasingly eliminated human figures and historical background to focus on such essential elements as light, sea, and sky. His grandiose Ninth Wave (1850) is an ode to human daring in the face of the elements.

Storms were also portrayed in several works of music. Examples are Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony (the fourth movement), Presto of the violin concerto RV 315 (Summer) from the Four Seasons by Vivaldi, and a scene in Act II of Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville.

See also

Types of storm with "storm" in name

• Anticyclonic storm
• Dust storm
• European windstorm
• Firestorm
• Heat storm
• Ice storm
• Perfect storm
• Pulse storm
• Salt storm
• Splitting storm
• Super storm
• Thunderstorm
• Wind storm
• Winter storm

Types of storm without "storm" in name

• Blizzard
• Cyclone
• Derecho
• Nor'easter
• Tornado
• Tropical cyclone

Structural devices built for storms

• Storm cellar
• Storm door
• Storm drain
• Storm room
• Storm windows

Other storm topics

• Atmospheric pressure
• Convective storm detection
• Extreme weather, a list of historical storms and other extreme weather
• Freezing rain
• Geomagnetic storm
• Ice storm warning
• Low pressure area
• Local storm report
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Storm cell
• Storm chasing
• Storm glass
• Storm moon
• Storm spotter
• Storm surge
• Storm warning
• Storm-scale
• Winter storm warning
• Winter storm watch

References

External links

• Branick, Michael. NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS SR-145: A comprehensive glossary of weather terms for storm spotters. Second edition. 1996.

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